How scientists are cracking historical codes to reveal lost secrets

Deposito Archivio Apostolico Vaticano "scaffali in ferro" Vatican Apostolic Archive Depository "iron shelves"

The Vatican’s archives contain thousands of manuscripts that are encrypted Vatican Apostolic Archive BEATA MEGYESI strode past the Pontifical Swiss Guards, in their Renaissance-era uniforms. She was headed not for the Sistine Chapel or St Peter’s Basilica, but the Vatican’s archives. Precious few people are allowed into this legendary collection of documents and letters spanning 12 centuries. … Read more

Extremely thin lightweight lenses take amazing images of the universe

An image of the North America Nebula taken with the metalens Courtesy of Joon-Suh Park To take high-quality images of the stars, astronomers usually need thick, curved lenses to bend the light precisely. But researchers have designed a flat lens that can take sharp images of the night sky thanks to billions of nanostructures in … Read more